From my (limited) understanding, the biggest advances in microbiology will be in learning how to harness microbes to do useful things for us. We already use certain genetically modified microbes to produces things like insulin and penicillin.
There’s a lot of work going into harnessing microbes for fuel production, pollutant clean-up, things like that. Areas where having billions of tiny little things all doing exactly the same task would be really useful.
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